Health-associated quality of life impairment in people who inject drugs (PWID) after bloodstream infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) have high rates of bloodstream infections (BSI) with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and group A streptococcus (GAS). Little is known about health-related quality of life outcomes after BSI. METHODS: We performed a prospective pilot cohort study of patients with BSI due to SA or GAS. Health-related quality of life, anxiety, depression and cognitive function were assessed using validated tools (EQ5-5D-5L), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) at baseline, 28 days post-discharge and 6 months post-infection. FINDINGS: 66 patients were recruited over a 12-month period, including 17 PWID. For the whole cohort, global health rank improved from baseline to day 28 (median 40 to 60, p=0.002), with no significant improvement from day 28 to day 168 (median 60 to 75, p=0.161). At baseline, PWID had lower overall health-related quality of life than non-PWID (median 25 vs 45, p=0.229), persisting at day 28 (non-PWID median 65, PWID median 43, p=0.036) and day 168 (non-PWID median 75, PWID median 40, p=0.035). This difference was driven by worse scores in the EQ-5D-5L mental health component and HADS, with HADS scores being significantly impaired in PWID at baseline (p=0.001) and day 28 (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: PWID have impaired health-related quality of life after SA and GAS BSI that persists for up to 6 months. Poor mental health is the major component of this, and further studies could clarify if this is a target for intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".