Appearance and Persistence of Activity in Soil Extracts Increasing Root Rot of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) by Ilyonectria mors-panacis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A previous report showed that methanol extracts from soil collected one year after harvesting American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) contained activity that increased root rot caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. This effect was associated with suppression of the defense responses of P. quinquefolius. The activity was undetectable in soil not previously planted with ginseng, and it was hypothesized that it may be a factor in the development of ginseng replant disease (GRD). GRD can persist for 30 or more years and is associated with root rot from I. mors-panacis. A survey of activity that increases root rot was made of the soil at different times before and after commercial ginseng root harvesting. No activity that increased root rot from I. mors-panacis was detected in the soil of a first American ginseng crop over the three years from planting until prior to harvesting. After harvesting the first crop, no activity was detected during the fall or early spring, but I. mors-panacis’s ability to increase root rot was detected in the soil during late spring, when ginseng crop debris from the first crop had almost completely decayed and the soil had warmed. Activity increasing root rot from I. mors-panacis was also detected in the soil from 1 to 30 years after ginseng harvesting. These results indicate that activity in soil that increases root rot from I. mors-panacis is not detectable until after the crop has been first harvested and then can persist for many years, which is consistent with the long persistence of GRD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".