Clinical and demographic factors modify the association between plasma phosphorylated tau‐181 and cognition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract INTRODUCTION Plasma phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐tau181) associations with global cognition and memory are clear, but the link between p‐tau181 with other cognitive domains and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this association changes based on genetic and demographic factors is poorly understood. METHODS Participants were drawn from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and included 1185 adults >55 years of age with plasma p‐tau181 and neuropsychological test data. Linear regression models related plasma p‐tau181 to neuropsychological composite and SCD scores with follow‐up models examining plasma p‐tau181 interactions with cognitive diagnosis, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, age, and sex on cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Higher plasma p‐tau181 level was associated with worse memory, executive functioning, and language abilities, and greater informant‐reported SCD. Visuospatial abilities and self‐report SCD were not associated with plasma p‐tau181. Associations were generally stronger in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, APOE ε4 carriers, women, and younger participants. DISCUSSION Higher levels of plasma p‐tau181 are associated with worse neuropsychological test performance across multiple cognitive domains; however, these associations vary based on disease stage, genetic risk status, age, and sex. Highlights Greater plasma p‐tau181 was associated with lower cognition across most domains. Associations between p‐tau181 and cognition were modified by age and sex. Level of p‐tau181 was more strongly associated with cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".