Impact of menopausal status on cognitive function in female papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: a longitudinal propensity score matched study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Previous research has documented cognitive deficits in survivors of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Our longitudinal study with large sample size, aims to assess the impact of menopausal status on cognitive function, elucidate related factors of cognitive impairment, and chart the trajectory of cognitive changes over time in female PTC patients. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, we administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to 322 female PTC patients over 40 years old, before surgery and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for baseline disparities, leading to a final analysis of 228 patients (114 premenopausal and 114 postmenopausal). Cognitive scores were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Postmenopausal women demonstrated a significantly higher susceptibility to impairment in delayed recall (p = 0.004) and global cognition (p = 0.006) when compared with premenopausal women. Multivariate analysis identified menopause (p < 0.001) and rural residence (p = 0.001) as independent risk factors for cognitive impairment. Furthermore, a gradual improvement in cognitive function over time was observed across both groups over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: In female PTC patients, postmenopausal status and rural residence are significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Postmenopausal women are more susceptible to cognitive deficits than premenopausal women in delayed recall and global cognition.Although cognitive function improves over time, it is crucial for physicians to closely monitor and support these patients to optimize their prognosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".