Symptomatic glucocorticoid-induced adrenal suppression in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a BPSU study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and describe the presentation and management of unexpected symptomatic glucocorticoid-induced adrenal suppression (AS) in children and young people aged 0-15 years. SETTING AND DESIGN: Surveillance study of symptomatic glucocorticoid (GC)-induced AS with supportive biochemical evidence or presenting as an adrenal crisis, reported via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) from September 2020 to September 2022. RESULTS: Over a 25-month period, 190 reports of symptomatic GC-induced AS/adrenal crisis were made, of which 22 were confirmed cases: 18 AS and 4 adrenal crises. This translates to an incidence rate of 0.09 new cases of GC-induced AS per 100 000 children aged 0-15 per year in the UK. There was a broad range of underlying diagnoses requiring GC prescription (16) and GC preparations (13). Of the 22 patients, 7 had more than 1 type of GC prescribed. The administration of oral GC occurred in 19 of the cases, inhaled GC use in 7, topical use in 5 and 1 case occurred after a single intramuscular injection of GC. All patients were discussed with a paediatric endocrinology team. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AS from this UK-based BPSU study is lower than a similar Canadian study. This may indicate that paediatricians in the UK and Ireland are becoming more aware of the potential for GC-induced AS and thus are more proactive to prevent its occurrence. The clinical cases still highlight the need to educate families and healthcare professionals with a view to further reducing the morbidity and potential mortality associated with GC-induced AS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".