Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia Syndrome With Aortic Stenosis: A Twist on Heyde Syndrome?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heyde syndrome is a triad of aortic stenosis (AS), gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand disease (vWD). It is hypothesized that stenotic aortic valves cleave von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers, predisposing patients to bleeding from GI angiodysplasias. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that aortic valve replacement often leads to the resolution of GI bleeding. Heyde syndrome is typically described in the context of AS and small bowel angiodysplasias (Dieulafoy's lesion, intestinal vascular malformation, and arteriovenous malformations). However, data on AS and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) association are scarce. GAVE is a vascular anomaly characterized by ectatic capillaries, arterioles, and venules, which can lead to upper GI bleeding. The paucity of data on GAVE-AS association may lead to underdiagnosis and/or under-reporting. Herein, we describe two cases of GAVE-AS that were diagnosed and treated at our institution. This case series focuses on patient presentations and clinical outcomes and aims to raise awareness about this rare association.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".