A New Yield Surface for Cemented Paste Backfill Based on the Modified Structured Cam-Clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is a cemented void filling method gaining popularity over traditional hydraulic or rockfill methods. As mining depth increases, CPB-filled stopes are subjected to higher confining pressures. Due to the soil triaxial apparatus limitations, as the conventional method of triaxial testing on CPB, no confining pressures higher than 5 MPa can be applied to CPB over a range of curing time. This lack of data introduces uncertainty in predicting CPB behavior, potentially leading to an overestimation of the required strength. To address this, this study introduces a new testing method that allows for higher confinement beyond traditional limitations by modifying the Hoek triaxial cell to accommodate low-strength materials. This study then investigates the coupled influence of confining pressure and curing time (hydration) on CPB characteristics, specifically examining the impacts of different curing times and confining pressures on the mechanical and rheological properties of CPB. A total of 75 triaxial tests were conducted using 42 mm cylinder shape samples at five various curing times from 7 to 96 days, and applied at low and high confinement condition levels (0.5 to 30 MPa). The results reveal that hydration and confinement positively impact the CPB strength. The modified structured Cam-Clay model was selected to predict the behavior, and its yield surface was updated using the experimental results. The proposed yield model can be utilized to describe CPB material subjected to various curing and pressure conditions underground.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".