Macro‐ and Nano‐Porous Ag Electrodes Enable Selective and Stable Aqueous CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduction from aqueous solutions offers a promising strategy to overcome flooding and salt precipitation in gas diffusion electrodes used in gas‐phase CO 2 electrolysis. However, liquid‐phase CO 2 electrolysis often exhibits low CO 2 reduction rates because of limited CO 2 availability. Here, a macroporous Ag mesh is employed and activated to achieve selective CO 2 conversion to CO with high rates from an aqueous bicarbonate solution. It is found that activation of Ag surface using oxidation/reduction cycles produces nanoporous surfaces that favor CO 2 ‐to‐CO conversion. Notably, it is found that a combination of dissolved CO 2 in bicarbonate solution with CO 2 generated in situ from bicarbonate ions enables increased CO 2 availability and a CO 2 ‐to‐CO conversion rate over 100 mA cm −2 . By optimizing the oxidation/reduction cycles to fine‐tune the structure of Ag surface, CO 2 ‐to‐CO conversion is reported from a bicarbonate solution with CO Faradaic efficiency of over 85% at current density of 100 mA cm −2 , high concentration of 24.7% at outlet gas stream and stability of over 100 h with maintaining CO FE over 85% during whole reaction time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".