Detection of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Administration in UGT2B17 <i>del/del</i> and <i>del/ins</i> Individuals. Part I: Urinary Steroid Profile and IRMS Markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The detection of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids misuse in Asian population using the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is a challenge due to the high prevalence of UGT2B17 gene deletion polymorphism and low levels of testosterone (T) glucuronide. In this study, the capabilities of different approaches based on urine analysis for detecting oral T undecanoate administration were evaluated in 13 Asian volunteers, including 11 subjects with del/del genotype and 2 subjects with del/ins genotype. In this part of the work, the effect on the urinary steroid profile (SP) and the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) markers were studied. Results showed that the 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol/epitestosterone ratio is the most sensitive marker of the SP to detect oral T administration in Asian volunteers. All urines that led to suspicious urinary SP were concluded IRMS positive. However, for some subjects, the ABP Steroidal Module was unable to identify suspicious samples that were still detectable by IRMS. Positive IRMS samples were detected up to 24 h (n = 9), 36 h (n = 3), or 48 h (n = 1) after oral administration. Overall, the urinary SP together with IRMS allowed the detection of T administration in Asian volunteers. However, the detection windows are short, as reported for oral T administration in Caucasian volunteers. These findings highlight the need of implementing additional markers in the Steroidal Module of ABP that could enlarge detection windows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".