Development of geomechanical model for determination of elastic modulus and study on law of caving span induced by mechanized longwall mining
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A geomechanical model is developed to determine the elastic modulus, to analyze the rules of rock and surface displacement, and study the caving span caused by mechanized longwall mining.The rules of rock deformation and displacement have been determined, including the stress distribution, the development of the failure zone, the height of the failure zone, the caving span of the longwall, the order of layer arrangement, the displacement deformation vector, the maximum subsidence, and the boundary displacement angle.In this paper, the author uses the Rocdata program to determine the elastic modulus (E), cohesion (C), and internal friction angle (φ) as inputs for the geomechanical model.The software RS2 (Phase 2) from Rocscience Inc. (Canada) is then used to calculate some parameters and displacement quantities.The results showed that the maximum subsidence in the dip direction is ƞ = -2.250m and in the strike direction ƞ = -0.659m.The boundary displacement angle is β0 = 47°.The caving height is H = 10 m.The caving repeats at the span 10th, meaning that the length of the longwall mined in the strike direction reaches 65 m.Afterward, the caving span and the height of the caving zone repeat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".