The relative contribution of deep and shallow benthic sources to iron supply in the Ross sea, with specific emphasis on Ross Bank
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summer primary productivity in the Ross Sea is limited by the availability of dissolved iron (DFe) in the euphotic zone. Previous studies have suggested that benthic sources dominate the supply of DFe to the upper water column in the southern Ross Sea polynya. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether these benthic sources are derived from shallow banks or deeper areas of the continental shelf. Our study combines analysis of in situ observations near Ross Bank with a physical ocean model simulation in an overlapping summertime period to investigate the vertical supply of DFe. Two passive tracer dyes were employed in the ocean model with the first (second) being input in the bottom model layer over seabed depths of less (greater) than 400 m. The tracer dyes provide temporal (March 2011–January 2012) and spatial estimates of the advection, mixing and diffusion throughout the Ross Sea model domain, and enable estimates of the relative contributions of shallow and deep benthic iron sources to the upper ocean DFe inventory. A comparison of the model output with a ship-based survey and a mooring deployed on Ross Bank in January 2012 provides confidence that the model simulations produce a sufficiently accurate representation of ocean conditions to support estimates of benthic DFe supply to surface waters. The results demonstrate that for Ross Bank the local (on-bank) benthic supply is important during the early winter period, whereas for most of the year the deep (off-bank) benthic iron is the predominant source supplying the upper ocean over this shallow region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".