Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neonatal vascular air embolism is a rare but often fatal condition. The literature comprises mostly case reports and a few dated systematic reviews. Our objective was to review all case reports of neonatal vascular air embolism to date and provide up-to-date information about patient characteristics, clinical presentations, outcomes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. We searched the literature for case reports of neonatal vascular air embolism, using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE, and the keywords “neonates” and “vascular air embolism.” Results were summarized. There were 117 cases of neonatal vascular air embolism, with a mean gestational age of 30.4 weeks (range: 23–40), mean birth weight of 1,422 g (range 830–3,844), and median age of occurrence of 2 days (range: 1–540) after birth. The majority were preterm (75.2%), male (62.7%), on assisted respiratory support (90.5%), and had air leak syndrome (52.9%). The most common clinical presentation was sudden acute clinical deterioration, sometimes accompanied by crying, cardiac rhythm abnormalities, skin discoloration, and a decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. Incidence of mortality and adverse neurological sequelae among survivors was 73.9 and 16.6%, respectively, overall, but significantly (p < 0.05) higher among preterm infants (81.8 and 31.2%, respectively) and lower among surgical infants (23.8 and 0%, respectively). Diagnosis included visualizing air in infusion lines or retinal vessels, a decrease in the end-tidal carbon dioxide levels, and radiographic, doppler ultrasound, transesophageal echocardiography, or computed tomography (CT) imaging. The prognosis for neonatal air embolism is poor, especially for preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation. Prevention is key and treatment is supportive.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".