Micrometer-Scale Silicon Modulator for O-Band Coherent Interconnects Beyond 100 GBaud
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Energy-efficient coherent optics is emerging as a key solution to address the escalating communication demands of large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tasks. These applications require compact, high-speed, and energy-efficient coherent transceivers. We present an ultra-compact, all-silicon I/Q modulator operating in the O-band, specifically designed for coherent interconnects. The modulator leverages microring-assisted Mach-Zehnder modulators (MRA-MZMs) in a single-drive push-pull configuration, ensuring low-chirp modulation as well as precise electrical phase matching in the push-pull operation. We demonstrate a 6-dB electro-optical bandwidth of 54 GHz and achieve QPSK modulation at speeds up to 120 Gbaud, resulting in a net bit rate of 200 Gbps per wavelength and polarization. With its compact design, the modulator achieves a bandwidth density of 2 Tbps/mm. Furthermore, its versatile architecture supports wavelength division multiplexing and dual-polarization, enabling further capacity expansion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".