Modelling peatland disruption in bisected bogs and the potential impacts on source water protection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In flat terrain and humid climates, raised bogs can form the topographic watershed boundary of protected source watersheds. In these cases, only half of the ‘bisected bog’ is protected. A GIS analysis revealed that bisected bogs are common in Protected Water Areas (PWAs) in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. We consider if these bisected bogs should be included in PWAs by exploring how drainage in the unprotected side of the bog may impact the protected watershed. Groundwater monitoring and slug tests were performed in a transect of piezometers in a large, bisected bog in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada to constrain a groundwater flow model. Under varying drainage scenarios (1 m, 3 m and complete harvest), simulations showed that the groundwater divide shifts 41 to 398 m inwards, 219,000 m3 to 1,570,000 m3 of water storage are lost and up to 23,600 to 156,100 tonnes of soil carbon become unstable. These findings suggest that it is illogical to protect only part of a bisected bog and that the entire bog should be protected to preserve hydrologic functionality. We provide recommendations for water managers to identify and address bisected wetlands to improve source water protection and maintain wetland ecosystem services. En terrain plat et dans les climats humides, les tourbières surélevées peuvent former la limite topographique des bassins versants sources protégés. Dans ces cas, seule la moitié de la « tourbière divisée en deux » est protégée. Une analyse SIG a révélé que les tourbières divisées en deux sont courantes dans les zones d'eau protégées (PWA) de la province de la Nouvelle-Écosse, au Canada. Nous examinons si ces tourbières divisées en deux devraient être incluses dans les PWA en explorant comment le drainage du côté non protégé de la tourbière peut avoir un impact sur le bassin versant protégé. La surveillance des eaux souterraines et des tests de simulation ont été effectués sur un transect de piézomètres dans une grande tourbière divisée en deux au Cap Breton, en Nouvelle-Écosse, au Canada, afin de contraindre un modèle d'écoulement des eaux souterraines. Sous différents scénarios de drainage (1 m, 3 m et récolte complète), les simulations ont montré que la ligne de partage des eaux souterraines se déplace de 41 à 398 m vers l'intérieur, que 219 000 m3 à 1 570 000 m3 d'eau de stockage sont perdus et que jusqu'à 23 600 à 156 100 tonnes de carbone du sol deviennent instables. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'il est illogique de protéger seulement une partie d'une tourbière divisée en deux et que la totalité de la tourbière devrait être protégée pour préserver la fonctionnalité hydrologique. Nous fournissons des recommandations aux gestionnaires de l’eau pour identifier et traiter les zones humides divisées en deux afin d’améliorer la protection des sources d’eau et de maintenir les services écosystémiques des zones humides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".