Rectal temperature and heat transfer dynamics in the eye, face, and breast of broiler chickens exposed to moderate heat stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize body temperature in finishing broiler chickens and to explore heat transfer dynamics under thermoneutral ( TN ) and heat stress ( HS ) conditions. To achieve this, 900 Ross 308 chicks were divided into TN and HS groups, with the HS group subjected to cyclical heat stress (30°C, 45 % RH) from day 28 to day 33 post-hatch. Rectal temperature (T r ) and skin temperature (T s ) at the face (T sf ), eye (T se ), and breast (T sb ) were measured. T r ranged from 39.1 to 40.6°C under TN and from 40.4 to 43.2°C under HS ( P condition < 0.001). Core-to-skin temperature gradients were lower under HS ( P < 0.0001), indicating reduced heat transfer to the skin. All T s parameters were higher under HS ( P < 0.001), and skin-to-air temperature gradients were also lower ( P < 0.0001), reflecting lower heat dissipation. T s varied significantly across anatomical regions ( P < 0.001), and core-to-skin and skin-to-air gradients differed between regions under both conditions ( P < 0.001). Strong correlations were observed between T r and T s ( r = 0.88, 0.89, and 0.92 for T sb , T se , and T sf , respectively), suggesting T s as a strong predictor of T r . In conclusion, rectal temperatures in finishing broilers are more variable under HS than under TN. Under HS, some birds continue to exhibit T r in the physiological range. Under TN, heat is transferred from the core to the eyes at a significantly higher rate than to the face and breast skin. However, the breast skin dissipates heat into the environment at a greater rate than the face and the eyes. These patterns of heat transfer between the core and the skin, and between the skin and the environment are conserved under HS. However, heat transfer rates are significantly reduced leading to increased heat load of the birds. These findings provide further insights into thermoregulation in broiler chickens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".