FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF FLEXIBLE TITANIUM NAILS IN PAEDIATRIC WITH FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Femoral shaft fractures are among the most common long bone fractures in the pediatric population, with a higher incidence in boys and typically resulting from falls, accidents, or trauma. Effective treatment aims to maintain bone length and alignment while minimizing discomfort for the patient and inconvenience for the family. Flexible intramedullary nailing has emerged as a preferred method for pediatric femoral fractures due to its simplicity, favorable healing rates, and low complication risk. Objective: This study aimed to assess the functional outcomes of pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible titanium intramedullary nails. Methods: A descriptive case series was conducted in the Orthopaedic Surgery Unit-II at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, over six months from September 16, 2021, to March 16, 2022. A total of 60 pediatric patients, aged 4-11 years with femoral shaft fractures, underwent retrograde intramedullary nailing using two nails of identical diameter under image guidance. Patients were monitored in three-week intervals until radiological union was confirmed. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0, stratified by gender and age, with statistical significance determined by a Chi-square test at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The final sample included 46 male (76.7%) and 14 female (23.3%) patients, with a mean age of 7.18 years (SD ± 2.259). Based on Flynn’s criteria, 96.7% (58 patients) demonstrated satisfactory functional outcomes, with 60.0% (36 patients) rated as “excellent,” 30.0% (18 patients) as “good,” and 6.7% (4 patients) as “fair,” while only 3.3% (2 patients) had “poor” outcomes. Conclusion: Flexible intramedullary nailing is an effective method for treating simple pediatric femoral shaft fractures, providing strong functional outcomes with minimal complications, supporting its role as a reliable treatment option in pediatric orthopedics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".