Ultrafast laser-induced formation of AgO and Ag2O on silver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrafast lasers have been widely used to texture materials, and while a lot of focus has been placed on controlling surface morphology, literature is lacking on ultrafast laser-induced surface chemistry, even though surface chemistry is essential in many applications. To better understand surface chemistry changes during ultrafast laser ablation, a femtosecond laser was used here to irradiate silver samples in air. The laser ablated craters were analysed with Raman spectroscopy and reveal the formation of Ag 2 O and AgO at different pulse energies and number of pulses. A mechanistic picture for the formation of both silver oxides and their transformation into Ag 2 CO 3 , Ag 2 SO 3 and Ag 2 SO 4 is proposed. Some laser-induced periodic surface structures LIPSSs were also observed on some craters, as well as nanoparticles arranged in concentric patterns. • Ag 2 O and AgO were formed while machining silver with a femtosecond laser. • Number of pulses and pulse energy influenced the types and amount of oxide. • Ag 2 CO 3 and Ag 2 SO 3 /Ag 2 SO 4 were formed when the silver oxide aged in ambient air. • LIPSSs and concentric rings were found when viewing the craters under SEM. • A mechanistic picture is proposed to understand oxide formation and decomposition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".