Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, bioaccessibility, transmembrane transport of major phenolics from selected floral honeys using Caco-2 BBe1 cell model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the antioxidant activity of the phenolic extracts and major phenolic compounds of alfalfa, buckwheat, clover and orange honeys collected in North America using chemical-based and cell-based antioxidant assays (CAA). Cell culture models using Caco-2 BBe1 were established to evaluate the effect of honey phenolics on antioxidant enzyme activities and secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8). Moreover, bioaccessibility, transmembrane transport and cellular uptake of honey phenolics were also studied. Based on the same quantity of the honey studied, phenolic extract of buckwheat honey showed the highest FRAP, DPPH, ORAC and CAA values, and strongest activity in restoring activities of antioxidant enzymes (GR, SOD and CAT) and in reducing TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion. Our results showed that compared to the major phenolic component of honey of plant origin, minor phenolics or combination of different phenolic compounds, particularly those derived from propolis, and their phase Ⅱ metabolites may play contribute more to the overall antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Future research will focus on bioavailability of honey phenolics and their metabolites, and the molecular mechanism of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".