Predictors of Psychosocial Functioning Among Long-stay Schizophrenia Patients in a Malaysian Mental Institution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: A considerable number of schizophrenia patients still require long-term hospital care despite psychiatric deinstitutionalisation, especially in developing nations. Prolonged hospitalisation is associated with greater impairment in psychosocial functioning. This study aimed to determine the level of psychosocial functioning and its predictors among long-stay schizophrenia patients in a Malaysian mental institution. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 138 patients selected through universal sampling. Data on socio-demographics, illness characteristics such as psychopathology and illness severity [measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)], and cognitive function [assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)] were collected. The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale was used to evaluate psychosocial functioning. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to identify the correlates and predictors of psychosocial functioning. Results: This study found that 47.8% and 16.7% of the patients had moderate and severe cognitive impairments, respectively. The mean PSP score was 69.68 (standard deviation (SD) = 15.48). Female gender, previous unemployment and more severe cognitive impairments were significantly associated with poorer psychosocial functioning. Meanwhile, negative symptoms and age of onset were negatively correlated with psychosocial functioning. By contrast, the duration of illness was positively correlated with psychosocial functioning. The regression model indicated that being female (β = –7.32, p < 0.001), previously unemployed (β = –3.67, p < 0.047), having negative symptoms (β = –4.18, p < 0.001), experiencing a longer illness duration (β = –0.60, p = 0.004), and the presence of severe cognitive impairment (β = –9.80, p < 0.001) significantly predicted poorer psychosocial functioning. Conclusion: Long-stay schizophrenia patients experience substantial difficulties in psychosocial functioning. Factors such as gender, last employment status, negative symptoms, illness duration, and cognitive function affect psychosocial functioning.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".