Brain age is longitudinally associated with sensorimotor impairment and mild cognitive impairment in subacute stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Brain age, a proxy of overall brain health estimated from structural neuroimaging, has been associated with sensorimotor performance in chronic stroke. Similarly, post-stroke cognitive outcomes have been associated with accelerated brain aging. However, the relationships between brain age, sensorimotor, and cognitive outcomes in early subacute stroke (<3 months after onset) are less understood. METHODS In this work, we investigated associations between stroke survivors’ brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD, quantified as a person’s brain age minus their chronological age) and longitudinal measurements of motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment [FMUE]) and cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) in subacute stroke. We used high-resolution T1-weighted MRIs from 44 participants at baseline and three months after stroke onset to investigate associations between brain-PAD, MoCA, and FMUE scores with robust linear mixed-effects regression models and mediation analyses. RESULTS We found negative associations between baseline brain-PAD and FMUE at baseline (β=-0.87, p=0.029) and three months (β=-0.87, p=0.011). Baseline brain-PAD was also negatively correlated with MoCA at three months (β=-0.13, p=0.015) but not at baseline (β=-0.11, p=0.141). Baseline brain-PAD was not associated with changes in FMUE (β=-0.01, p=0.930) or MoCA (β=-0.03, p=0.579). Finally, MoCA was not associated with FMUE at either time point, nor did it mediate the relationship between brain-PAD and FMUE. CONCLUSION Overall, we show that baseline brain age predicts both motor and cognitive outcomes at three months. However, motor and cognitive outcomes are not directly associated with one other. This suggests that brain age is representative of changes in multiple, distinct neurological pathways post-stroke. Further research with longer time intervals is needed to examine whether brain age also predicts chronic stroke outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".