SKELETAL MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION ASSOCIATES WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lower skeletal muscle oxidative capacity has been linked with poor cognition in older adults. Prior studies have relied on spectroscopy assessment of post-exercise PCr recovery rate to indirectly determine muscle oxidative capacity. Here, we evaluated if mitochondrial energetics assessed in muscle biopsies and by spectroscopy is associated with processing speed and general cognition. The sample included 858 adults (mean age 76.34 +/- 4.97 years, 59% female, 84% Non Hispanic White) from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). Mitochondrial respiration was measured in permeabilized fibers from biopsies of the vastus lateralis as maximal oxidative phosphorylation (MAXOXPHOS). Muscle oxidative capacity (ATPmax) was assessed by 31P MRS. Cognitive function was assessed by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with scores adjusted for age and education, and sex. Multivariable linear regression models tested the hypothesis that higher mitochondrial energetics (MAXOXPHOS and ATPmax, in separate models) would be associated with higher scores on DSST and MoCA; all models were adjusted for race, muscle area, hypertension, diabetes and BMI. Each SD decrement in MAXOXPHOS was associated with a -1.7 point lower DSST score (95% CI: 0.68, 2.72) and a non-significantly -0.23 point lower MoCA score (95% CI: -0.00, 0.45). ATPmax was not significantly associated with either DSST or MoCA. Higher mitochondrial respiration is associated with faster processing speed in this population, independent of other known predictors of cognition. Future studies should assess the mechanisms underlying this association.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".