Pathogenic and genetic variation among Fusarium graminearum isolates causing head scab of wheat in India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab of wheat caused by Fusarium spp., is a global concern as recent outbreaks reported in Canada, Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. Presently, FHB is a minor disease in India but can cause significant yield loss if rain occurs during mid anthesis in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, the foot hills of Punjab and hilly areas in Tamil Nadu. Among head scab infected wheat ear heads collected from Dalang Maidan, Lahaul valley of Himachal Pradesh and Wellington, Nilgiris hills, Tamil Nadu, dominance of F. graminearum was observed. Twenty-nine Fusarium isolates were identified as F. graminearum based on morphological, cultural and molecular approaches. Pathogenic variation among 29 F. graminearum isolates was observed on wheat varieties (UP 2338, PBW 343, Sonalika, HD 2967, HD 3086, HD 29, MACS 5049, HS 645, VL 1013). After 7 and 14 days of inoculation, isolates from Wellington (Fg-W10 and Fg-W24) were found highly pathogenic while isolates Fg-W7 and Fg-W26 were found least pathogenic. Out of 23 SSR markers designed using whole genome sequence of F. graminearum PH-1 strain, 21 SSRs amplified F. graminearum isolates. Cluster analysis separated the isolates into two main groups. Group A consisting two isolates one from Wellington (Fg-W27) and another from Lahaul Spiti (Fg-L2). Group B contained all other 27 isolates. This study has shown that there is considerable pathogenic and genetic variability among F. graminearum isolates obtained from infected wheat ear heads from different geographic regions of India.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".