Treatment strategies for skin picking disorder: Efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches—A systematic review and evidence mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Skin picking disorder (SPD), classified in the DSM-5 under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, is characterized by repetitive skin picking that leads to tissue damage.Despite its prevalence, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments.This systematic review aimed to assess both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for SPD.A comprehensive literature search identified 25 randomized controlled trials comprising 3,407 participants (mean age 29.6 years; predominantly women).Treatments included pharmacological agents, cognitive-behavioral therapies, behavioral modification techniques, self-help tools, and neurostimulation.Outcome measures were primarily derived from validated scales such as the Skin Picking Scale, Skin Picking Impact Scale, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.Pharmacological treatments averaged a 49.1% reduction in symptoms, with fluoxetine achieving a notably high (98.3%)reduction in patients with acne excori ee.Other promising agents included memantine, dronabinol, and N-acetylcysteine.Cognitive and behavioral therapies achieved a 39.8% average reduction, with cognitive behavioral therapy alone reducing symptoms by 51%.Behavioral modification approaches such as habit reversal training demonstrated a 45% reduction.Self-help tools and neurostimulation therapies showed moderate efficacy.( JAAD Reviews 2025;3:124-7.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".