Clinical Symptoms and Risk Factors in Older Adults with Limbic‐Predominant Age‐Related TDP‐43 Neuropathology in the Context of Mixed Dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathological change (LATE‐NC) is a pathological process diagnosed at autopsy, involving deposition of TDP‐43 in the medial temporal lobes. The name LATE‐NC was recently proposed to represent the pathological process, while “LATE” has been suggested to represent the clinical syndrome. However, there are currently no available criteria to diagnose this syndrome during life, and the clinical phenotype is not well understood. Method A sample of autopsy cases (n = 39) from the University of British Columbia Hospital with moderate to severe Alzheimer and/or Lewy Body pathology, with and without LATE‐NC, underwent chart review. 19 individuals with LATE‐NC pathology (LATE+) were age‐matched to 20 controls (LATE‐) by age and by degree of Alzheimer and Lewy Body pathology. Clinical characteristics including ages at symptom onset, diagnosis and death; cognitive test scores; medical history and functional status were extracted from the clinical charts, and compared using the t‐test and χ2 statistics. Result In the two groups, mean age at death was 80.7 years (LATE+) and 79.7 years (LATE‐). Age at onset (66.4 versus 68.4 years) and disease duration (11.9 versus 11.2 years) were not significantly different. Years of education (14.9 versus 13.3, p = 0.03), and prior history of head injury (33.3% vs 5.3%, p = 0.04) were both significantly higher in the LATE+ group. There was a trend towards a higher prevalence of mood symptoms in the LATE+ group (55.6% versus 36.8%), and fewer psychotic symptoms (10.5% versus 36.8%), however these differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in cognitive domains affected across the disease course, or baseline cognitive test scores. Conclusion In this study, head injury and greater years of education were identified as possible risk factors for LATE‐NC. There were differences in the burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms between the two groups which require further investigation. However, the presence of LATE‐NC did not appear to accelerate disease progression, suggesting its clinical impact is small relative to the impact of severe Alzheimer or Lewy Body pathology. Additional study including those with little or no concomitant pathology may help to elucidate the clinical phenotype further.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".