Impact of water stress on <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> abundance and Petri disease symptom development in young grapevines
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is one of the main pathogens causing Petri disease, a grapevine trunk disease responsible for the decline and mortality of grapevines within a few years after planting. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora has been shown to be prevalent in asymptomatic grapevine nursery material, leading to the hypothesis that it may act as a latent pathogen, transitioning from an endophytic to a pathogenic phase under grapevine stress. To investigate this hypothesis, a two-year greenhouse and a four-year field experiment were conducted on young self-rooted ‘Merlot’, and ‘Merlot’ grafted onto ‘SO4’ rootstock, artificially inoculated with different spore concentrations of Pch and subjected to water stress. Additionally, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis was inoculated in the soil in the greenhouse experiment to investigate its effects on abiotic stress mitigation and thus, disease development in water stressed and non-stressed grapevines. DNA was extracted from the grapevine wood, and Droplet Digital™ PCR was conducted to determine Pch abundance before and after the experiments. In the greenhouse, Pch abundance in inoculated grapevines was greater in water stressed grapevines treated with AM than in stressed grapevines without AM or in non-stressed grapevines. Basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with Pch. In the field, Pch abundance was not affected by water stress, but basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with a high spore concentration of the fungus. Symptoms resembling Petri disease developed in the third year of the field experiment, where water stress increased grapevine mortality. This study shows that water stress may increase Pch abundance and mortality in young grapevines within the first few years after planting.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it