Digital assessment of muscle adaptation in obese patients with osteoarthritis: Insights from surface electromyography (sEMG)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obesity and severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA) lead to significant gait and muscle adaptations. However, the relationship between core muscle strength and the severity of KOA in obese patients remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between muscle strength adaptation and the severity of KOA in obese individuals. Methods: We recruited 119 obese participants with unilateral KOA from January 2021 to December 2023, all classified with mild to moderate KOA grades. KOA severity was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), which categorized participants into two groups based on disease severity. Electromyographic data from the psoas, gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris muscles were collected during isometric and dynamic knee extension. Results: Significant differences were observed in all selected muscles between the affected knee joint and the contralateral side during both dynamic and isometric knee extensions. The difference in electromyographic data-including mean absolute value (MAV), root mean square (RMS), and center frequency (CF)-was significantly different across groups categorized by KOA severity. Notably, the MAV values of the vastus medialis, lateral gastrocnemius, and biceps femoris, as well as the CF values of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, showed no significant differences in some instances during both dynamic and isometric extensions. Conclusion: This study indicates that obese individuals with KOA exhibit lower muscle intensity and higher fatigability in comparison to the contralateral side during both isometric and dynamic knee extensions. Furthermore, significant reductions in muscle intensity were observed in the psoas, gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles, correlating with the advanced severity of KOA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".