Sport Participation Positively Associated with Balance Confidence and Well-being in Transtibial Amputees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transtibial amputation (TTA) is the removal of the lower leg often resulting in pain, mental health issues, and a more sedentary lifestyle that lacks physical activity (PA). Low balance confidence and other factors related to the physical and psychosocial adaptation to amputation could contribute to why people with TTA actively avoid PA. Studies have investigated lower extremity amputations and barriers to PA in general, but none have focused solely on transtibial amputation and its relationship with PA participation and avoidance habits. To address this issue, 21 participants with TTA (14 male, 6 female, and 1 non-binary) shared their experiences through an online survey. Relationships between variables were examined with Spearman and Pearson correlations. Results revealed a positive relationship, with a moderate effect size between balance confidence and the sport index scale and multiple other correlations between the physical and psychosocial adaptation to TTA and PA participation and avoidance. Those who participate in sport following TTA seem to show a positive association with social adjustment and balance confidence. In addition, adaptations such as adjusting to new limitations and activity restrictions, as well as satisfaction with the function of the prosthesis, are also related to PA participation and avoidance. This study supports the premise that participating in PA, specifically sport, has physical and psychosocial benefits that cannot be undervalued. Insights drawn from this study lend support to evidence-based practices of rehabilitation programs for people with TTA that focus on balance confidence training. If those with TTA are interested in sports, balance confidence training via sport-specific training could further facilitate a positive adaptation following TTA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".