Diabetic foot ulcer related pain and its impact on health-related quality of life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a prevalent complication of diabetes. Individuals with DFUs can experience wound-related pain, which could be nociceptive and/ or neuropathic in origin, which adversely affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To determine the prevalence and characteristics of DFU-related pain and its impact on HRQoL in community-dwelling individuals with active DFUs. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted, employing the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS), involving patients with DFU at a Podiatry Clinic in the West of Ireland. This study evaluated 30 patients with DFUs, of whom 70.0% (n = 21) were male. Among the participants, 70.0% (n = 21) reported at least one sensory pain descriptor from the SF-MPQ, and 40.0% (n = 12) chose descriptors indicative of neuropathic pain. “Tender” emerged as the most frequently selected sensory pain descriptor (n = 11, 36.7%). The mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 23.3 ( ± 30.9) mm. For present pain intensity (PPI), 43.3% (n = 13) reported pain ranging from mild to horrible pain. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between SF-MPQ, VAS, PPI, and HRQoL, with moderate to strong associations. Patients with multiple DFU locations or neuropathic pain presented poorer HRQoL evaluation. Sensory pain ( β = -3.582, P = 0.026) and PPI ( β = -2.682, P = 0.020) were identified as independent predictors of HRQoL based on multiple linear regression analysis. DFU-related pain is prevalent and significantly impacts patients' HRQoL. It is important to prioritise comprehensive and regular assessment of DFU-related pain during patient consultations. A patient-centred and holistic approach should be adopted, guided by the outcomes of pain assessments. • DFU-related pain is prevalent and significantly impacts patients' HRQoL. • It is important to prioritise comprehensive and regular assessment of DFU-related pain during patient consultations. • A patient-centred and holistic approach should be adopted, guided by the outcomes of pain assessments. • Among the participants, 70.0% reported at least one sensory pain descriptor from the SF-MPQ, and 40.0% chose descriptors indicative of neuropathic pain. “Tender” emerged as the most frequently selected sensory pain descriptor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".