Plasma pTau181 and amyloid markers predict conversion to dementia in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology have been investigated intensively as markers for AD-related neurodegeneration. Comorbid AD pathology is common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Accordingly, we hypothesized that plasma biomarkers associated with AD pathology might be useful to predict DLB in a cohort of idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD), an incipient synucleinopathy. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma amyloid-β and pTau181 biomarkers can predict DLB. This longitudinal single-centre (Canada) cohort study included 158 individuals with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD between September 2004 and October 2022, each providing blood plasma samples, who were then offered prospective follow-up. Plasma Aβ40, Aβ42 and pTau181 levels were measured using NeuroToolKit, a prototype assay panel of neurodegeneration (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd). The primary outcome was the association between plasma biomarkers at baseline and eventual development of DLB. Correlations between plasma markers and baseline cognitive tests were assessed. A total of 142 iRBD participants [109 male (77%); mean ± SD, 67.6 ± 8.0 years of age] were included in the final analysis. On prospective follow-up (2.9 ± 2.1 years after sampling), 32 individuals phenoconverted to a defined neurodegenerative syndrome (18 DLB, 13 Parkinson's disease and one multiple system atrophy). The combined phenoconvertor group had lower baseline plasma Aβ42/40 ratio compared with non-phenoconvertors (mean ± SD, 0.103 ± 0.010 versus 0.114 ± 0.012, P < 0.001) and higher pTau181 levels (0.993 ± 0.354 versus 0.784 ± 0.266 pg/ml, P = 0.008). When divided by phenoconversion subtype, significant differences were seen selectively in DLB convertors [Aβ42/40 = 0.101 ± 0.010, difference -0.011, 95% confidence interval (-0.016; -0.005), P < 0.001; pTau181 = 1.144 ± 0.326 pg/ml, difference 0.282 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval (0.146; 0.418), P < 0.001]. Cross-sectional analysis showed that plasma pTau181 (but not Aβ42/40) was correlated with cognitive tests across various domains. Our results indicate that plasma Aβ42/40 ratio and pTau181 can predict conversion to DLB in iRBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".