Photonic Generation of High-Sampling-Rate Arbitrary Waveforms in a Temporal Synthetic Dimension Created by Two Polarimetric Subspaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to the photonic generation of high-sampling-rate arbitrary microwave waveforms in a temporal synthetic dimension created by two polarimetric subspaces. The two polarimetric subspaces are established based on a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) loop incorporating a polarization modulator (PolM). Due to the different refractive indices along the two orthogonal axes of the PMF, one physical PMF loop is equivalent to two dynamically coupled loops with different time delays and a variable coupling ratio controlled by the PolM. If a single linearly polarized pulse is injected into the PMF loop, it is split into two pulses with orthogonal polarizations and with different amplitudes controlled by the PolM. After multiple round trips, a pulse burst with a tailored amplitude profile is produced in the temporal synthetic dimension. The temporal interval between two adjacent pulses in the pulse burst, or the sampling rate of the generated waveform, is determined by the birefringence and the length of the PMF. The proposed approach is evaluated by an experiment. Arbitrary waveforms with different sampling rates of 16.7, 62.5, and 250 GSa/s are generated. The fidelity of the generated waveforms is evaluated by calculating the average root mean square error (RMSE). For the generated waveforms, the RMSE is as low as 0.0596, conforming a good fidelity of the generated waveforms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".