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Record W4406138977 · doi:10.15699/jbl.1434.2024.8

Courtroom Theatrics in the Letter of James

2024· article· en· W4406138977 on OpenAlex
Alicia J. Batten

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Biblical Literature · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicBiblical Studies and Interpretation
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsParallelsClothingPoliticsLawAestheticsArtFocus (optics)SociologyHistoryPolitical scienceEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Since the eighteenth century, interpreters of the Letter of James have pointed to a judicial assembly as the envisaged background for Jas 2:1–7. In particular, commentators have identified rabbinic examples as parallels for the type of setting that the letter describes. However, one can also consider Jas 2:1–7 in light of the theatricality of the Roman courtroom. Theatrics figured centrally in Roman social and political life. In Roman juridical contexts visual effects such as gestures and dress functioned importantly for the outcome of a trial. In this study I consider Jas 2:1–7 in comparison with court proceedings and legal issues, but with a focus on the dress of the man in “shining clothes” (ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ) and the poor man in “dirty clothes” (ῥυπαρᾷ ἐσθῆτι). I explore the peculiar Roman practice of donning “filthy” (sordes) dress as a means of procuring support from jurors and judges, who themselves were susceptible to participating in partiality. I argue that a court setting makes the most sense for Jas 2:1–7: Why else would the letter writer include these details of dress?

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.727
Threshold uncertainty score0.498

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.236 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it