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Record W4406139217 · doi:10.2308/jfar-2022-022

To Charge or Not to Charge: Prosecutorial Characteristics and Responses to Auditor Reported Findings

2025· article· en· W4406139217 on OpenAlexaff
Michelle Lau, Renee Flasher

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Forensic Accounting Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicAuditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Canadian institutionsBrock University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAuditAccountingWhite-collar crimeLegislatureEnforcementLaw enforcementBusinessExternal auditorPolitical scienceDimension (graph theory)Charge (physics)LawInternal audit

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Deterring white-collar crime involves a complex relationship between detection by auditors and legal enforcement. We hand collect data from the Arkansas Legislative Audit Committee on auditor findings reported to the prosecuting attorney’s office, and subsequent prosecutorial responses for the respective district between 2015 and 2019. Applying theory from sociology and psychology we consider the effects of prosecutorial gender and financial resources (a dimension of socio-economic status) on prosecutorial charging decisions involving auditor reported fraud. We find an association between a prosecutor’s financial resources and formal prosecutorial charges but not for gender. We also find an increasing trend of auditor referrals but static levels of formal criminal charges filed by prosecutors. Our findings highlight the complexity of the auditor-prosecutor relationship, and a need to better understand differences between auditor and prosecutor conclusions regarding white-collar crime. Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in text. JEL Classifications: M420.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.126
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow), Scholarly communication
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.126
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.126
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.034
GPT teacher head0.333
Teacher spread0.299 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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