The Importance of Post-Inflammatory Polyps (PIPs) in Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), encompassing Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The association between IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC) is well-documented. Multiple factors have been identified as contributors to the risk of developing CRC in patients with IBD, including duration of disease, disease extension, family history of CRC, co-existance of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and potentially the presence of post-inflammatory polyps (PIPs). PIPs, often referred to as pseudopolyps, are polypoid structures that emerge as a result of severe mucosal inflammation. While their presence has been linked to greater disease severity, the role of PIPs in increasing CRC risk remains controversial. Increasing evidence suggests an association between post-inflammatory polyps (PIPs) and the risk of colorectal neoplasia, with PIPs potentially serving as an indicator of this risk through a history of enhanced inflammation. PIPs may also be linked to a distinct patient phenotype, including the presence of other known risk factors. More recent studies suggest that the risk burden (characterized by a high number or by large polyps) may be important. However, the evidence remains inconsistent, with some studies showing no clear association between PIPs and CRC risk after adjusting for other factors, including histological inflammation. In contrast, the data suggest a low rate of malignant transformation of the PIPs themselves. This narrative review aims to summarize the latest evidence regarding the relationship between PIPs and CRC in IBD, with a focus on UC. While some studies suggest that PIPs may serve as markers of higher disease severity and inflammation, their direct contribution to CRC risk remains unclear. Further research is needed to explore the inflammatory and carcinogenic pathways in patients with PIPs to better understand their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".