Where Have All the Chum Salmon Gone? An Assessment of Marine Critical Periods for Western Alaska Chum Salmon During Periods of Extreme Events in their Early Marine and Winter Ocean Habitats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Record low run sizes of Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were observed in western Alaska from 2020 to 2022 following marine heat waves (extreme events) that occurred in their early marine and winter ocean habitats. Climate warming impacts on Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (AYK) Chum salmon ecology in freshwater and marine habitats is a shared concern among Alaskan communities. The life history of AYK Chum salmon includes a short period within freshwater habitats, where adults spawn during fall months, eggs hatch during early spring the following year, and smolts leave freshwater and enter the marine environment during late spring and early summer (Urawa et al. 2018). During their first summer at sea, they are found feeding and growing within the shelf regions of the northern and southern Bering Sea as well as the Chukchi Sea. During late fall and winter, they migrate offshore where they overwinter in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and eastern North Pacific Ocean (NPO; Myers et al. 2007). They continue their migratory pattern of wintering in the GOA and eastern NPO and summering in the Bering Sea and western GOA for one or more years before migrating back to their natal rivers during spring to begin the cycle again (Fig. 1).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".