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Record W4406171582 · doi:10.1080/23750472.2024.2445685

If nothing changes, nothing changes: exploring doing classification differently

2025· article· en· W4406171582 on OpenAlexaff
Nancy Quinn Harrington, Laura Misener

Bibliographic record

VenueManaging Sport and Leisure · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicQualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNothingPsychologyComputer scienceEpistemologyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Rationale: The aim of this research was to consider how to deliver athlete classification differently, including the use of remote technologies. Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) utilizes a value-driven approach to sport, in part, through the integration of Para and mainstream sport. Data from 20 years of integrated Commonwealth Games (CG) reveal limited participation in Para sports from developing CW nations, and access to athlete classification was identified as a key hindrance.Methodological approach: Using a participatory approach (PARS), the research involved multiple stages; evaluation of classification capacity in the Americas and the Caribbean (A&C), Classifiers to develop sport-specific process models, and trials across five para-sports. Qualitative evaluation involved interviews, surveys, and focus groups.Findings: Analysis indicated strong support from Classifiers and athletes regarding increased access to classification, via remote technologies. Athletes/coaches indicated that access to classification through this project was a catalyst to ‘get started’ in their sport and informed training. Participants identified the value of saved time, travel, and funds, by accessing classification remotely.Future implications: Confirmation of classifications provided to participants is on-going as is robust knowledge translation. Discussions with sport governing bodies continue regarding the potential of remote classification to drive para/Para development and participation globally, initially at youth and non-elite sporting events.Research contributions: The imperative of both stable secure internet and on-site Medical Personnel, provides new and important sport management information. The checklist of mandatory elements for remote classification is original and provides a detailed framework for future scholarly work.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.871
Threshold uncertainty score0.879

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.221
GPT teacher head0.449
Teacher spread0.228 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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