Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on vascular risk factors among adults with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Limited data exist on the cardiovascular effectiveness of once-weekly (OW) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in real-world practice. We assessed the OW GLP-1 RA effects on vascular risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using data from a large-scale US electronic health record database (index date = first prescription of OW GLP-1 RA). Exploratory analyses were performed on patients newly initiating OW GLP-1 RAs (including and excluding semaglutide), and semaglutide. Changes in vascular risk factors were evaluated by comparing mean measures between the 12-month pre- and post-index periods. Analyses were conducted for all three cohorts and subpopulations including stratified by tercile of baseline vascular risk factor value. In the final cohorts (1. OW GLP-1 RA including semaglutide: n = 20,084; 2. OW GLP-1 RA excluding semaglutide: n = 16,894; 3. semaglutide: n = 3,435), significant mean reductions ( P < 0.001) were observed from baseline to post-index in hemoglobin A1c (%, 1] -1.1; 2] -1.1; 3] -1.2), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL, 1] -6.4; 2] -6.4; 3] -6.9), total cholesterol (mg/dL, 1] -11.0; 2] -11.1; 3] -10.7), triglycerides (mg/dL, 1] -31.8; 2] -31.4; 3] -33.1), systolic blood pressure (mmHg, 1] -1.5; 2] -1.2; 3] -3.1), body weight (kg, 1] -2.7; 2] -2.4; 3] -4.3) and body mass index (kg/m 2 ; 1] -0.9; 2] -0.8; 3] -1.4). Largest reductions were observed in the top tercile. Our data suggest GLP-1 RAs are associated with significant reductions in key vascular risk factors in real-world practice.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it