Toxigenecity and Virulence variations of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> from out-patients hospitals in Southwest Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harboring genes for virulence and antibiotic resistance, have grown more prevalent lately. These strains pose a major threat to the general population, especially in tertiary care settings. There is a paucity of information on toxigenic and virulence diversity of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa in Nigeria, hence, the need to characterize and determine the variations of the virulence genes. Methods Six hundred clinical samples from different anatomical sites were collected aseptically from Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), University of Medical Sciences, Ondo (UNIMED) and Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (FMC). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated using cetrimide agar identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by disc diffusion method. Protease, phospholipase C (lecithinase), caseinase and gelatinase presence were assayed for. Genomic DNA was extracted from P. aeruginosa isolates and screened for the presence of N-Acetylneuraminate synthase (NaN), Elastase B ( Las B), Exotoxin A (ExoA), Exoenzyme S (ExoS) and Exoenzyme U (ExoU) virulence genes by PCR. Results Three hundred and sixty bacterial isolates identified from clinical samples are as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.3%), Escherichia coli (18.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.2%), Proteus mirabilis (3.2%), Streptococcus pnuemoniae (2.3% ), Enterobacter aerogenes (0.5%) and Acinetobacter baumanni (0.1%). Enzymes detected in the P. aeruginosa isolates were Phospholipase C (77.9%), caseinase (83.9%), gelatinase (98.5%) and protease (88.2%). The P. aeruginosa isolates were all resistant to ampicillin and cloxacillin; 26 (38.2 %) strains exhibited multidrug resistance. Virulence Las B elastase gene was detected in all 14 multi resistant P. aeruginosa , ExoA was detected in 5, ExoS in 4, ExoU in 5 and NaN in 4 isolates: Four (28.6%) Conclusion The study confirmed presence and variations of toxic genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from all the three tertiary hospitals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".