Hearing Loss and Default‐Mode Network Connectivity in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Hearing loss (HL) is a risk factor for dementia that is prevalent in older adults. Altered brain connectivity is present in individuals with HL, individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In individuals with HL, altered brain connectivity has been associated with impaired scores on cognitive tests. In individuals with MCI, altered brain connectivity has been associated with degree of cognitive impairment and progression to dementia. Therefore, altered brain connectivity is a potential mechanism by which HL is associated with increased dementia risk. Methods Data are from the Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration in Dementia study (Data Release 6, May 2023). Participants include cognitively unimpaired (CU, n=78, age=69.5), %female=77%), SCD (n=85, age=70.0, %female=74%), and MCI (n=159, age=72.2), %female=40%) individuals. Independent component analysis was used to identify the default‐mode network (DMN), a resting‐state network that is altered in individuals at risk for dementia. Hearing data include a pure‐tone hearing screening protocol and speech‐in‐noise perception. Based on the pure‐tone hearing screening, participants were classified as having normal hearing (NH) or HL. In each diagnostic group (CU, SCD, MCI), analyses of covariance compared DMN connectivity between the NH and HL participants and linear regressions evaluated the relationship between speech‐in‐noise perception and DMN connectivity. Results Preliminary results are available for 94 older adults with MCI (NH = 60, pure‐tone HL=34). Compared to individuals with MCI and NH, those with MCI and HL had decreased connectivity between the DMN and the caudate and thalamus. There was no relationship between DMN connectivity and speech‐in‐noise perception. The CU and SCI groups are expected to have a greater capacity for compensatory changes in functional connectivity. Therefore, it is expected that in the CU and SCI groups, pure‐tone HL and speech‐in‐noise perception will be associated with increased DMN connectivity. Conclusion Current results suggest that the increased dementia risk associated with HL may be due to decreased DMN connectivity and that pure‐tone HL and speech‐in‐noise perception are differentially related to DMN connectivity. Future research will determine whether the relationship between hearing and DMN connectivity differs between older adults with varying risk of cognitive impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".