Leveraging pharmacists' scope of practice to improve access to gender‐affirming care: A scoping review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Transgender and gender‐diverse (TGD) individuals experience health inequities at a substantially higher rate than their cisgender counterparts. Gender‐affirming care (GAC) is a lifesaving measure that encompasses a range of social, psychological, behavioral, and medical interventions designed to affirm an individual's gender identity. Access to GAC is limited worldwide and pharmacists may be optimally situated to bridge this gap. Objectives To determine strategies to improve access to GAC within community pharmacists' scope of practice for TGD patients. Methods This was a scoping review of published literature. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) were searched and supplemented with a manual citation to yield 324 articles. Articles were included if they described or evaluated GAC services performed by pharmacists. Screening and extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Extracted data was mapped into six categories (prescribing, monitoring, patient education and counseling, healthcare advocacy, interprofessional and collaborative care, and non‐pharmacological), which were identified during the extraction process to represent GAC initiatives. Results Twenty‐one articles met the inclusion criteria from the 324 articles initially screened. Most articles were published in the United States ( n = 17). More than half of the articles described prescribing ( n = 12), monitoring ( n = 15), and patient education and counseling ( n = 17). Healthcare advocacy was mentioned in 9 articles, with interprofessional and collaborative care being mentioned in 8 articles. Non‐pharmacological care was the least mentioned among the six categories ( n = 2). Conclusions Current literature shows that pharmacists' scope of practice can be leveraged to provide GAC through prescribing medications, monitoring therapy, educating and counseling patients, advocating for TGD individuals within the healthcare system, providing collaborative care, and through the provision of non‐pharmacological GAC options.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it