Exploring the antimicrobial potentials and thermal stability of bovine lactoferrin against foodborne pathogens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The study was conducted to analyze the antimicrobial activity and the sensitivity of bovine lactoferrin against foodborne pathogens and to evaluate the pH range and thermal stability of bovine lactoferrin. The agar well diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of each pathogen. Bacterial samples were purified and confirmed by biochemical tests. Three concentrations of lactoferrin 0.5, 1, and 10 mg/ml were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Our results indicated that all three pathogenic bacteria were inhibited, even at 0.5 mg/ml (p < .05). E. coli was the most sensitive, and S. aureus was the least sensitive. Lactoferrin remains effective at 6, 7, 8, and 9 pH, but no inhibition showed at 3, 4, and 5 pH (p < .05). Lactoferrin showed no change at a pasteurization temperature of 60–75 °C (p < .05) but was inactivated at higher temperatures. The results showed that lactoferrin can inhibit E. coli, S. enteritidis, and S. aureus from growth and remain unchanged at pasteurization temperature and pH ranges of 6–9.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".