Development and Validation of a Short Form of the German Self-Consciousness Scale for the General Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Background: The German translation of the Self-Consciousness Scale ( Fragebogen zur Erfassung dispositionaler Selbstaufmerksamkeit [SAM]) is a 27-item, self-report measure assessing self-consciousness. Previous studies showed a poor fit for the proposed two-factor structure, assessing private and public self-consciousness. We assessed the factor structure of the German version to develop and validate a short form, aiming to improve model fit and provide a brief version for use in research and clinical practice. Method: Participants were 2,326 adults representative of the German general population, divided randomly into two comparable samples: Sample A and Sample B. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Sample A to inform item selection; we used Sample B to evaluate the proposed short form, examining structural validity, measurement invariance, and convergent validity with measures assessing quality of life, well-being, neuroticism, and stress. Results: The results support a two-factor hierarchical model for the 12-item short form, demonstrating full measurement invariance across gender, age, and education level. We found positive correlations between self-consciousness, quality of life, well-being, and chronic stress. Discussion: The results support the use of the SAM-SF to provide a total score as well as subscale scores for private and public self-consciousness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".