Outcomes associated with local treatment of nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 89 cases (2003–2020)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes in dogs with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) undergoing local treatment. METHODS: A retrospective, multi-institutional study was performed. Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with nasal planum SCC. Variables were recorded from medical records and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 89 dogs were included. The most common presenting complaint was a visible mass on the nasal planum (89%). Metastasis was detected in 12% of dogs at the time of local therapy. Local therapy consisted of surgical excision alone in 63 of 89 dogs (71%) and radiation therapy alone in 20 of 89 dogs (22%); 6 dogs had multiple local therapies. Tumor size decreased in 12 dogs (60%) undergoing radiation therapy alone. Local recurrence was reported in 19 of 89 dogs (21%), including 16 of 63 dogs (25%) treated with surgery alone. Median survival time of all dogs was 452 days (95% CI, 285 to 576). Median survival time among 33 dogs with documented disease progression was 336 days (95% CI, 189 to 458), versus 685 days (95% CI, 334 to 1,042) in 56 dogs that did not have documented disease progression, which was significantly different (P = .038). Documented disease progression was significantly associated with hazard of death (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.63; P = .041). CONCLUSIONS: Dogs undergoing local treatment of nasal planum SCC had a favorable prognosis. Metastasis at the time of treatment was uncommon. Long-term survival was possible, particularly in cases without disease progression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aggressive local therapy, particularly surgical resection, should be considered in dogs with nasal planum SCC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".