Influence of Sex and Gender on Adherence to Self-care Behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Management in the Global Context
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adherence to self-care behaviors can prevent or delay adverse outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sex and socioculturally constructed gender might impact individuals' ability to adhere to healthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically identify, evaluate, and synthesize the literature on the influence of sex and gender on adherence to self-care behaviors for CVD risk management in the global context. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Health Databases for peer-reviewed original articles published between 2013 and 2023. We selected studies that investigated self-care behaviors, self-care maintenance, or self-care management as outcomes and reported sex- and gender-related factors (such as education level, employment status, and marital status). The data were synthesized in a narrative form. RESULTS: The search identified 3540 studies, 52 of which met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. Global North countries accounted for 55% of all the studies. Self-reported questionnaire scores were used in most of the studies (n = 47). Better self-care was associated with being a woman (n = 17), attaining a higher education level (n = 15), and having higher perceived social support (n = 10). The associations between adherence to self-care behaviors and employment status, socioeconomic status, marital status, and household size were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to self-care behaviors for CVD risk management varied widely, based on gender-related factors. Further research is needed to use a consistent measure of self-care adherence behavior and integrate a wider range of gender-related factors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it