Peripheral neurofilament light chain and intracortical myelin in bipolar I disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoskeletal protein that supports neuronal structure. Blood NfL levels are reported to be higher in diseases where myelin is damaged. Studies investigating intracortical myelin (ICM) in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported deficits in ICM maturation over age. This study investigated the association between ICM and peripheral blood NfL levels in BD. METHODS: NfL was quantified using a high sensitivity ELISA kit in 72 BD and 71 healthy control (HC) participants. t-test was used to determine group difference in NfL levels between BD and HC, and ridge regression was performed to analyze NfL and ICM association in six brain regions that demonstrated ICM deficits including the dorsolateral motor cortex, dorsomedial motor cortex, dorsolateral premotor cortex, dorsomedial premotor cortex, caudal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudal dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and age in BD only. Regions within the occipital lobe and cingulum was also analyzed as control regions. RESULTS: BD individuals had higher serum NfL concentration compared to HC (p = 0.001). The ridge regression analysis including the six brain regions and age explained 26 % of the variance in NfL concentration, while the occipital lobe and cingulum along with age explained only 7 % and 2 % of the variance, respectively. LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional correlational study so causation cannot be inferred. Also, this study focused on a limited number of brain regions previously associated with changes in ICM in BD. CONCLUSION: This study corroborates previous research, which found increased NfL in CSF and blood in BD compared to HC. This demonstrates the potential utility of NfL as a marker of brain morphology deficits in BD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".