Holistic interpretation and the interdependence of constitutional structures and rights: an essay in honor of Cheryl Saunders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter honors Cheryl Saunders’ insights into the importance of federalism and the allocation of fiscal powers in understanding how constitutional systems work and how they protect rights. Drawing on caselaw from three common law jurisdictions – Canada, Australia, and the United States – it argues that rights and structures, like federalism or the separation of powers or democratic voting systems, are interdependent. Structures may be understood necessarily to imply certain rights necessary to make the structure effective. Rights may require structures to secure their effective protection. At times, the chapter suggests, texts relating specifically to rights may be less effective in securing their protection than reasoning from more general structural provisions. Federalism, in particular, is a structure that may require certain rights; as a form of government, federalism can both protect rights and undermine their protection. And interdependencies may exist among different structural provisions. As a positive matter, rights and structures may find mutual grounding in basic constitutional norms of unity, liberty, and equality. Whether particular provisions are understood as rights or as structures, or even whether particular rights should be understood to exist, may vary over time and among judges. As a normative matter, the chapter suggests that errors may result from failing to consider the overall constitutional context in which a claim of right, or a very specific structural claim, is situated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".