A140: Effects of Hot-Compress and Low-Medium-Frequency Electrotherapy onPain, Proprioception and Functional Performance with KneeOsteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<bold>PURPOSE:</bold> Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most chronic progressive diseases among older adults, leading to pain, impaired proprioception, and decreased functional performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week hot compress (TC) combined with low-medium frequency electrotherapy (LMFE) on pain, proprioception, and functional performance among older adults with KOA. <bold>METHODS:</bold> Twenty-nine older adults with KOA were recruited and randomly assigned to TC+LMFE (n=15, 69.4±2.8 years, 159.9±6.0 cm, and 68.9±8.7 kg) or TC (n=14, 69.1±2.0 years, 161.0±6.9 cm, and 68.2±9.7 kg) groups. The TC+LMFE group received TC+LMFE treatment, and the TC group received TC treatment for eight weeks with three 40-minute sessions per week. At pre- (week0) and post-intervention (week9), their pain, knee proprioception, and functional performance were assessed. The pain score was recorded using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), the joint proprioception was assessed with the position perception error values at 15°, 45° and 75° extension of the affected knee joint, and functional performance was measured by the 20-m walk test. Two-way ANOVA tests with repeated measures was adopted to analyze the data. <bold>RESULTS:</bold> Significant group-by-intervention interactions were detected in the pain score (p=0.041, η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub>=0.146), 45° (p=0.047, η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub>=0.138), and 75° (p=0.012, η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub>=0.213) position perception error of knee joint, and the 20-m walk test (p=0.028, η<sup>2</sup> <sub>p</sub>=0.167). Post hoc comparisons showed that compared with week<sub>0</sub>, the pain score (TC+ LMFE group: week<sub>0</sub>=22.27±7.19, week<sub>9</sub>= 9.13±2.78, p < 0.001, <italic>d</italic>=2.410; TC group: week<sub>0</sub>=21.86±4.85, week<sub>9</sub>=14.07±2.40, p < 0.001, <italic>d</italic>=2.033) was decreased in both groups at week<italic>9</italic>, while the 45° (week<italic>0</italic>=5.46 ± 2.89, week<italic>9</italic>=3.12 ± 2.65, p=0.007, <italic>d</italic>=0.844) and 75° (week<italic>0</italic>=7.79 ± 5.85, week<italic>9</italic>=4.25 ± 3.28, p=0.004, <italic>d</italic>=0.746) position perception error of knee joint were decreased only in the TC+ LMFE group at week<italic>9</italic>. In addition, compared with week<italic>0</italic>, the speed of the 20-m walk test (week<italic>0</italic>=1.23 ± 0.21, week<italic>9</italic>=1.35 ± 0.21, p=0.009, <italic>d</italic>=0.604) was also increased in the TC+ LMFE group at week<italic>9</italic>. The pain score of the TC+ LMFE group was lower than that of the TC group at week<italic>9</italic> (TC+ LMFE group: week<italic>9</italic>=9.13±2.78, TC group: week<italic>9</italic>=14.07±2.40, p<0.001, <italic>d</italic>=1.901). <bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Compared with the TC, the TC+ LMFE for eight weeks was more effective in relieving knee pain, improving proprioception, and enhancing functional performance among older adults with KOA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".