Tele-rehabilitation versus supervised rehabilitation in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a single-blind study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background.Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee affects daily activities and quality of life among older adults.Tele-rehabilitation minimises barriers of distance, time, and cost.This study aimed to compare the effects of tele-rehabilitation and supervised rehabilitation on balance, physical function, and disability among patients with knee OA.Methods: Patients aged 40 years with grade 2 or 3 knee OA and impaired balance and moderate knee pain were recruited from Dr DY Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pimpri Pune, India.Patients were randomly assigned to either a tele-rehabilitation (via Zoom) group or a supervised rehabilitation group; both groups received three rehabilitation sessions per week for 4 weeks.The exercise protocol consisted of mobility, stretching, and strengthening exercises for the affected lower limb, along with balance training.Patients were assessed before and after the intervention using the timed-up-and-go test (TUG) for balance, one-leg standing test for static balance, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain, stiffness, and physical function. Results:Of 86 patients screened for eligibility, 30 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either tele-rehabilitation (n=15) or supervised rehabilitation (n=15).Finally, 28 participants completed the intervention (one dropout in each group).The two groups were comparable in terms of age, body mass index, pain intensity, and baseline outcomes in the TUG test, one-leg standing test, and WOMAC.After the intervention, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures, with the exception of the left-side one-leg standing test in the tele-rehabilitation group (p=0.483).Both groups had similar improvements in TUG test for balance (p=0.640),one-leg standing test for static balance (p=0.541 for right leg, p=0.764 for leftleg), and WOMAC for disability (p=0.837).Conclusions: Tele-rehabilitation and supervised rehabilitation have similar effects on improving balance, physical function, and disability in patients with knee OA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".