Marital Status and Parkinson Disease in Eastern Compared to Western Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects more than 10 million people worldwide, impacting both quality of life and marital relationships. Divorce rates are higher in Western compared to Eastern countries. However, it is unclear if there are differences in marital status after PD onset between the two regions. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to March 31, 2024. Original studies discussing marital status in participants with PD were included. An unmarried status includes single, widowed, divorced or separated. Outcomes included the prevalence of being unmarried, measured as proportions, and the risk ratio (RR) of being unmarried in participants with PD relative to controls. Results: Out of 567 studies screened initially, 55 studies involving 3,723,966 participants were included. The prevalence of being unmarried was evaluated in 55 studies (25.16%; 95% CI: 21.52–29.18). The prevalence of being unmarried was significantly higher in countries in the West compared to the East (28.83%; 95% CI: 25.09–32.89 vs 17.47%; 95% CI: 12.10–24.57, p < 0.01). Compared to controls, the risk of being unmarried in PD participants after the onset of PD was significantly higher in the East (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.91–1.60) compared to the West (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65–1.15). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed significantly higher rates of being unmarried in Western compared to Eastern countries. After PD onset, participants in the East were at significantly higher risk of being unmarried compared to participants in the West, suggesting that differences in cultural practices, societal norms and healthcare systems may affect marital status outcomes in PD participants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.021 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".