Impacts of aquatic thrusters on submerged aquatic plants in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tregunno B, Liang T. 2025. Impacts of aquatic thrusters on submerged aquatic plants in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada. Lake Reserv. Manage. 41:34–40.Aquatic thrusters are an emerging tool for waterfront landowners to control at a small scale of aquatic plants, algae, and ice cover. Their potential effects to shallow lake aquatic ecosystems remain understudied. During the summer of 2021, 3 aquatic thrusters were installed on docks within the Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada, in a before-after control-impact approach. The aquatic thrusters were operational for 40 d in July to August, 12 h each night, in the shallow nearshore areas, at a fixed horizontal position. Aquatic thrusters significantly reduced plant surface area by 64.9%, floating cover by 70.1%, and plant biomass by 52.0–94.6% in front of the aquatic thrusters, extending approximately 10 m2 into dense aquatic plant beds. Aquatic thrusters caused no significant changes to field water quality, which might have been a result of horizontal positioning of the aquatic thrusters that minimized turbulent water from impacting lake substrates. Further research is required given the potential for aquatic thrusters to affect the biological, physical, and chemical aspects of aquatic ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".