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Origin of the Gravitational Force

2025· preprint· en· W4406318634 on OpenAlexaff
Shangqing Liu

Bibliographic record

VenuePreprints.org · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBiofield Effects and Biophysics
Canadian institutionsWillow Biosciences (Canada)
FundersUniversity of Rochester
KeywordsPhysicsGravitationClassical mechanicsGravitational energyDark matterGeneral relativityDark energySpeed of gravityTheoretical physicsGravitational redshiftAstrophysicsCosmology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The gravitational force is extremely important because it dominates the formation and evolution of the universe. However, its physical origin and intrinsic nature have not been clearly comprehended for a long time. Certain observed phenomena, along with the newly discovered by the Hubble and James Webb telescopes, cannot be explained well by current theories. Furthermore, general relativity and quantum mechanics, which are mainstream theories explaining the gravitational force, are incompatible. This situation strongly points to the need for a better or novel theory of the gravitational force. Here, based on classical space-time view, a different but solid understanding of the gravitational force is introduced. The author has realized that the gravitational force originates from none other than the electric force and is the synthetic electric force produced by a large number of electric charges. Generally speaking, in most objects, there are a large number of free and potentially induced electric charges. Due to various reasons, including unavoidable fluctuations of microscopic particles, non-uniform charge distribution in the object is normal. Earth is typically such an example. The non-uniform charge distribution within an object will almost certainly turn that object into an electric dipole. Thus, almost any object can be regarded as an electric dipole, resulting in any two objects attracting each other. This is the true origin of the gravitational force. This understanding can solve or explain confusing problems or phenomena simply and effectively, such as dark matter, dark energy, flat galaxy and filamentary nebula. This understanding also naturally unifies the gravitational and electromagnetic forces.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.115
Threshold uncertainty score0.467

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.094
GPT teacher head0.370
Teacher spread0.275 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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